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01 压电陶瓷薄膜

一、压电陶瓷薄膜

  所购买到的压电陶瓷薄膜包括两个部分，  一个是电路，  另外一个是双层薄膜， 带有两个管脚。  配对电路是对传感器输出信号进行放大。  根据管脚标志， 输出三个管脚分别对应电源， 地线以及信号输出。  由于它使用 AMS1117 5V稳压， 所以输入电压在 6V 至 12V。

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二、薄膜测试

  将压电陶瓷放置在面包板上，  将两个管脚接入示波器。 示波器输入端口的电阻大约为 1M欧姆。 在静态下， 传感器两端电压为0。  通过示波器显示的波形来看， 薄膜两端的阻抗也非常大。  是由手波动薄膜。 可以看到两个端口出现了震动波形。 这个波形，  很像普通的压电陶瓷片在敲击状态下产生的电压信号。 波形的峰值大约2V。  信号的波形非常紊乱。 传感器只能产生交变震荡信号， 并不能够产生恒定的输出信号。

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  使用LCR镊子测量薄膜传感器的电容， 大约为 0.5nF。  使用数字万用表测量薄膜电阻， 超出了数字万用表的量程。   所以该传感器对外特性呈现电容电压输出。

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三、震动薄膜

  为了能够定量测量传感器输出特性， 使用扬声器中粘贴一个LED， 去敲击压电陶瓷薄膜。   通过一个大功率音频放大器驱动扬声器，  使用 DG1062 产生 100Hz的正弦波输入放大器，  扬声器震动， 敲击压电陶瓷薄膜震动。  由此便可以测量传感器输出的波形。  输出的波形此时呈现非常稳定的连续震荡信号。 峰值大约为 4V。  下面测量震动薄膜输出的阻抗。

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▲ 图1.3.1 震动信号

▲ 图1.3.1 震动信号

四、输出阻抗

  利用QR10作为压电陶瓷薄膜输出负载电阻。  这样可以通过改变负载电阻， 来测量薄膜输出阻抗。  通过编程， 改变负载电阻，  测量不同负载电阻下输出交流电压信号。

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  负载电阻从1k欧姆变化到 1M欧姆，  测量 100 个数据。 整体上来看， 输出电压随着外接负载电阻增加上升。 不过令人感到奇怪的是， 这个变化出现了很大的波动。 具体原因不详。  根据这个变化，  但输出信号出现在最高值的一半的时候， 对应的电阻为 320k欧姆。   这就大体说明了压电陶瓷薄膜在100Hz震动下， 输出内阻大约为 320k欧姆。

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▲ 图1.4.1 不同负载电阻对应的输出电压

▲ 图1.4.1 不同负载电阻对应的输出电压 

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# TEST1.PY                     -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2025-04-09
#
# Note:
#============================================================
from headm import *
from tsmodule.tsvisa        import *
import serial
from _ast import Or
from serial.serialutil import SerialException
#------------------------------------------------------------
qr10 = serial.Serial()
qr10.baudrate = 115200
qr10.timeout = 0.05
try:
    qr10.port = 'COM6'
except:
    printf('Set qr10 port COM6 error. ')
try:
    qr10.open()
except serial.serialutil.SerialException:
    printf('Open qr10 port COM6 error.')
else:
    printf('Open qr10 port COM6 Ok.')
#------------------------------------------------------------
rdim = linspace(1e3, 1e6, 100)
vdim = []
dm3068open()
for r in rdim:
    qr10.write(b'AT+USER.SP=%5.1f\n'%r)
    time.sleep(1.5)
    ac = dm3068vac()
    vdim.append(ac)
    tspsave("meas", rdim=rdim, vdim=vdim)
    printff(r, ac)
plt.plot(rdim, vdim, lw=3)
plt.xlabel("Load(Ohm)", color="steelblue", fontsize=16)
plt.ylabel("Voltage(V)", color="steelblue", fontsize=16)
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
#------------------------------------------------------------
#        END OF FILE : TEST1.PY
#============================================================

rdim=[1000.0000,11090.9091,21181.8182,31272.7273,41363.6364,51454.5455,61545.4545,71636.3636,81727.2727,91818.1818,101909.0909,112000.0000,122090.9091,132181.8182,142272.7273,152363.6364,162454.5455,172545.4545,182636.3636,192727.2727,202818.1818,212909.0909,223000.0000,233090.9091,243181.8182,253272.7273,263363.6364,273454.5455,283545.4545,293636.3636,303727.2727,313818.1818,323909.0909,334000.0000,344090.9091,354181.8182,364272.7273,374363.6364,384454.5455,394545.4545,404636.3636,414727.2727,424818.1818,434909.0909,445000.0000,455090.9091,465181.8182,475272.7273,485363.6364,495454.5455,505545.4545,515636.3636,525727.2727,535818.1818,545909.0909,556000.0000,566090.9091,576181.8182,586272.7273,596363.6364,606454.5455,616545.4545,626636.3636,636727.2727,646818.1818,656909.0909,667000.0000,677090.9091,687181.8182,697272.7273,707363.6364,717454.5455,727545.4545,737636.3636,747727.2727,757818.1818,767909.0909,778000.0000,788090.9091,798181.8182,808272.7273,818363.6364,828454.5455,838545.4545,848636.3636,858727.2727,868818.1818,878909.0909,889000.0000,899090.9091,909181.8182,919272.7273,929363.6364,939454.5455,949545.4545,959636.3636,969727.2727,979818.1818,989909.0909,1000000.0000]
vdim=[0.0027,0.0278,0.0514,0.0781,0.1109,0.1324,0.1606,0.1832,0.2015,0.2076,0.2302,0.2711,0.2927,0.3175,0.3382,0.3559,0.3590,0.3576,0.3943,0.4409,0.4466,0.4737,0.4856,0.4879,0.4733,0.4931,0.5445,0.5660,0.5777,0.6018,0.6120,0.6159,0.5971,0.5865,0.6138,0.6586,0.7009,0.6978,0.7030,0.7208,0.7397,0.7574,0.7729,0.7797,0.7851,0.7950,0.8025,0.8001,0.7994,0.7992,0.7964,0.7984,0.7963,0.7943,0.7942,0.7979,0.8088,0.8189,0.8327,0.8500,0.8771,0.9101,0.9387,0.9402,0.9381,0.9391,0.9497,0.9672,0.9768,0.9910,1.0088,1.0192,1.0184,1.0244,1.0120,0.9804,0.9441,0.9685,1.0501,1.0333,1.0627,1.0651,1.0556,0.9994,0.9914,1.0700,1.0920,1.0961,1.1108,1.1089,1.0620,1.0191,1.0743,1.1514,1.1245,1.1513,1.1471,1.1251,1.0648,1.0766]

▲ 图1.4.2 200Hz下对应的不同负载与输出电压

▲ 图1.4.2 200Hz下对应的不同负载与输出电压

  将扬声器震荡的频率修改为 200Hz， 可以看到不同负载下输出电压的变化。  对比 100Hz， 200Hz， 可以看到，  在 200Hz 下， 输出交流信号大了 四倍左右。  对应的输出电压一半的时候，  对应的内阻大约260k欧姆， 也比100Hz时对应的内阻小了一些。

G5M1744198660_1920_1080.MP4|_-5

rdim=[1000.0000,11090.9091,21181.8182,31272.7273,41363.6364,51454.5455,61545.4545,71636.3636,81727.2727,91818.1818,101909.0909,112000.0000,122090.9091,132181.8182,142272.7273,152363.6364,162454.5455,172545.4545,182636.3636,192727.2727,202818.1818,212909.0909,223000.0000,233090.9091,243181.8182,253272.7273,263363.6364,273454.5455,283545.4545,293636.3636,303727.2727,313818.1818,323909.0909,334000.0000,344090.9091,354181.8182,364272.7273,374363.6364,384454.5455,394545.4545,404636.3636,414727.2727,424818.1818,434909.0909,445000.0000,455090.9091,465181.8182,475272.7273,485363.6364,495454.5455,505545.4545,515636.3636,525727.2727,535818.1818,545909.0909,556000.0000,566090.9091,576181.8182,586272.7273,596363.6364,606454.5455,616545.4545,626636.3636,636727.2727,646818.1818,656909.0909,667000.0000,677090.9091,687181.8182,697272.7273,707363.6364,717454.5455,727545.4545,737636.3636,747727.2727,757818.1818,767909.0909,778000.0000,788090.9091,798181.8182,808272.7273,818363.6364,828454.5455,838545.4545,848636.3636,858727.2727,868818.1818,878909.0909,889000.0000,899090.9091,909181.8182,919272.7273,929363.6364,939454.5455,949545.4545,959636.3636,969727.2727,979818.1818,989909.0909,1000000.0000]
vdim=[0.0141,0.1498,0.2763,0.4083,0.5433,0.6638,0.7708,0.8712,0.9769,1.0942,1.1913,1.3098,1.4276,1.4755,1.5546,1.6845,1.7492,1.7829,1.9088,2.0016,2.0266,2.0952,2.2193,2.2655,2.2721,2.3708,2.4782,2.4998,2.5234,2.6440,2.7299,2.7167,2.7376,2.8303,2.9186,2.9319,2.9148,2.9993,3.1040,3.1243,3.0919,3.1504,3.2569,3.3176,3.3227,3.3151,3.3117,3.3404,3.3856,3.4361,3.4809,3.5063,3.5573,3.5884,3.6055,3.6579,3.6845,3.6880,3.7316,3.7484,3.7756,3.8098,3.8371,3.8545,3.8754,3.8923,3.9055,3.9255,4.0270,4.0670,4.1108,4.1349,4.1563,4.1581,4.1177,4.0964,4.1592,4.2507,4.2909,4.2618,4.2173,4.2433,4.3439,4.3880,4.3066,4.3156,4.4110,4.4377,4.3705,4.3498,4.4495,4.5053,4.5317,4.5404,4.5472,4.5570,4.6011,4.6160,4.6397,4.6536]

▲ 图1.4.3 对比100Hz 200Hz 对应的输出电压

▲ 图1.4.3 对比100Hz 200Hz 对应的输出电压

  测量不同频率下压电陶瓷薄膜输出的信号， 有趣的是， 在172Hz出， 输出信号电压最大。  这是否说明扬声器在这个频率下震动最大。 时扬声器的机械谐振频率呢？ 这个问题我还无法得知。
G3M1744199210_1920_1080.MP4|_-3

▲ 图1.4.4 不同频率下输出电压

▲ 图1.4.4 不同频率下输出电压 

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# TEST1.PY                     -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2025-04-09
#
# Note:
#============================================================
from headm import *
from tsmodule.tsvisa        import *
import serial
from _ast import Or
from serial.serialutil import SerialException
#------------------------------------------------------------
qr10 = serial.Serial()
qr10.baudrate = 115200
qr10.timeout = 0.05
try:
    qr10.port = 'COM6'
except:
    printf('Set qr10 port COM6 error. ')
try:
    qr10.open()
except serial.serialutil.SerialException:
    printf('Open qr10 port COM6 error.')
else:
    printf('Open qr10 port COM6 Ok.')
#------------------------------------------------------------
dg1062open(11)
rdim = linspace(1e3, 1e6, 100)
fdim = linspace(30, 500, 100)
vdim = []
dm3068open()
#for r in rdim:
#    qr10.write(b'AT+USER.SP=%5.1f\n'%r)
#    time.sleep(1.5)
#    ac = dm3068vac()
#    vdim.append(ac)
#    tspsave("meas200", rdim=rdim, vdim=vdim)
#    printff(r, ac)
for f in fdim:
    dg1062freq(2, f)
    time.sleep(1.5)
    ac = dm3068vac()
    vdim.append(ac)
    tspsave("measuf", fdim=fdim, vdim=vdim)
    printf(f, ac)
plt.plot(fdim, vdim, lw=3)
plt.xlabel("Frequency(Hz)", color="steelblue", fontsize=16)
plt.ylabel("Voltage(V)", color="steelblue", fontsize=16)
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
#------------------------------------------------------------
#        END OF FILE : TEST1.PY
#============================================================

fdim=[30.0000,34.7475,39.4949,44.2424,48.9899,53.7374,58.4848,63.2323,67.9798,72.7273,77.4747,82.2222,86.9697,91.7172,96.4646,101.2121,105.9596,110.7071,115.4545,120.2020,124.9495,129.6970,134.4444,139.1919,143.9394,148.6869,153.4343,158.1818,162.9293,167.6768,172.4242,177.1717,181.9192,186.6667,191.4141,196.1616,200.9091,205.6566,210.4040,215.1515,219.8990,224.6465,229.3939,234.1414,238.8889,243.6364,248.3838,253.1313,257.8788,262.6263,267.3737,272.1212,276.8687,281.6162,286.3636,291.1111,295.8586,300.6061,305.3535,310.1010,314.8485,319.5960,324.3434,329.0909,333.8384,338.5859,343.3333,348.0808,352.8283,357.5758,362.3232,367.0707,371.8182,376.5657,381.3131,386.0606,390.8081,395.5556,400.3030,405.0505,409.7980,414.5455,419.2929,424.0404,428.7879,433.5354,438.2828,443.0303,447.7778,452.5253,457.2727,462.0202,466.7677,471.5152,476.2626,481.0101,485.7576,490.5051,495.2525,500.0000]
vdim=[0.1769,0.2165,0.1899,0.1976,0.2055,0.2189,0.2382,0.2681,0.3087,0.3474,0.4316,0.5346,0.5989,0.6927,0.8771,1.0771,1.1529,1.2310,1.4644,1.7435,2.3035,2.4814,2.4658,2.4006,2.3577,2.3442,2.3546,2.4098,2.5558,2.9539,7.4792,6.6959,5.9822,5.3786,4.9923,4.7649,4.5781,4.6016,4.6130,4.6102,4.5861,4.5886,4.6480,4.7226,4.6211,4.3944,4.2130,3.9611,3.7301,3.5358,3.3814,3.2458,3.1331,3.0217,2.9318,2.8678,2.7991,2.7128,2.6435,2.5756,2.5198,2.4696,2.4242,2.3871,2.3509,2.3179,2.2882,2.2583,2.2298,2.1985,2.1638,2.1168,2.0591,1.9887,1.9256,1.8829,1.8906,1.9573,2.0613,2.1413,2.1607,2.1311,2.0804,2.0212,1.9584,1.8905,1.8177,1.7482,1.6817,1.6261,1.5643,1.5074,1.4539,1.4042,1.3584,1.3170,1.2785,1.2421,1.2061,1.1788]

 

※ 总  结 ※

  本文初步测试了压电陶瓷薄膜传感器的特性。  通过一个动圈式扬声器驱动它震动。  使得它可以输出恒定的交变电压，  测量了薄膜传感器对应的电容大约为 0.5nF，  输出电压内阻大约 300k欧姆左右。  不同的频率输出电压也会发生变化，  在172Hz下， 输出电压最大。 现在猜测这个频率时动圈式扬声器的机械共振频率。

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